The consumption of fossil fuels, as the main energy sources, is associated with progressive increase of severe environmental problems such as climate change, global warming, and greenhouse effect. Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy carriers, and if produced from renewable sources, it is ideal to replace currently used fossil fuels, consequently reducing toxic emissions. This chapter focused on the technologies to obtain hydrogen from biomass exploited as renewable and sustainable energy resource, with special reference to thermal gasification. A technoeconomic and life cycle analysis of different hydrogen production processes taken into account is also included.